In this seminar we will challenge the traditional understanding of neuronal connectivity in primary visual cortex. While current theory suggests that neurons connect preferentially to others with similar orientation preferences, I will present evidence for a more complex connectivity pattern based on a distance-dependent rule: short-range connections show a like-to-like bias, while long-range connections connect more widely. This revised model better explains how the visual cortex processes complex stimuli and accounts for observed variations in neuronal interactions at different scales.